HAPPY HALLOWEEN! Trick or Treat! YEY! Walang pasok till wednesday! Hanggang ngayun wala pa ring akong essay for english. Tsk. Ambooooring sa bahay. : /

Good Evening! :)

AAAAAAH!! Ngayun lang ulet ako nakabukas ng blog!! Lelss. Wew! Prelim week nanaman. Tsk. Tsk.

‎~I watch you fly around the world And I hope you don't chase another girl~   :))

Haist. Nde ako kasama sa language camp. tsk. tsk. :/

OPEN OFFICE

MICROSOFT OPEN OFFICE
MS Word- Writer (.odt)
MS Excel- Calc (.ods)
MS Paint- Draw (.odg)
MS Powerpoint- Impress (.odp)
MS Publisher- Base (.odb)

LeLs. Saya saya ng journalism kahapon. Nag-enjoy ako!! :DD

YEY!!! tapos na lahat ng exam!! :))  kaso wala pa akong title defense lagot ako kay ma'am wela. :/// tssk. tssk.

Aww. Malapit na periodical test. Hindi pa ako nagsisimulang magreview, bukas pa. :)
Good night na po!! :)

:'( lam mo yung feeling na last day mo na mag-oopen ng account mo sa FB tapos ayaw pang magload. NAKAKALOKA!!!

VIRUS

VIRUS stands for Vital Information Resources Under Siege

A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses may be defined as acellular organisms whose genomes consist of nucleic acid, and which obligately replicate inside host cells using host metabolic machinery and ribosomes to form a pool of components which assemble into particles called VIRIONS, which serve to protect the genome and to transfer it to other cells.

Chapter 3 Lesson 3

How to Take Care of your PC
1. Computers need a good working temperature to work properly. They need ti be placed in cool and dry place.
2. All the cables and connectors must be tied together to keep them away from walkways to avoid accidents.
3. Refrain from eating in front of computers. Food bits attract insects that can penetrate the hardware.
4. Always use AVR (automatic voltage regulator) to regulate the electricity. Turn off the computers during lightning as these can cause electrical surges to the computer.
5. Do not bump or drop the computer peripherals or components as any damage may cause them to malfunction.
6. Avoid clutter around your computer. Use soft cloth in cleaning your computer to avoid scratches.
7. Always scan computer viruses.

USER'S HEALTH RISKS AND PREVENTION

Good Working Habits

• Tap on the keys and mouse buttons gently.
• Avoid long. uninterrupted periods of typing. You may take a short stretch breaks every 20 minutes.
• Avoid staring at the monitor for long periods. Take vision breaks and do eye exercises.

Proper Workstation Design

• Position in a well-ventilated, comfortable room.
• Use an adjustable workstation and an ergonomic computer chair.
• Place the monitor 16 to 24 inches away, at eye level or slightly at a lower angle. Tilt the monitor or adjust light source.
• Use expendable/retractable legs of the keyboard.
• Place mouse where it is easily accessible by your dominant hand.
• Use a document holder to minimize vertical head movements.

Proper Posture

• Sit up straight and put the feet flat on the floor.
• Position your lower arms parallel with the floor and level to your keyboard and the mouse, with elbows at your side.
• Keep wrists straight.
• Do not lean into the monitor, but sit close enough to the keyboard and the mouse to stay relaxed.

It's Saturday tomorrow! yehey! It's rest day!! Ang daming quiz sa monday!! Kelangang magreview! :)

. . . . .

COOL!! 3 subjects ang may activity this month. ahaha. ang saya nun!!
YEY!! halos half day lang bukas. 2 movie sa film showing. :)

I-Diamond

haii. sana maayus na aircon natin sa room. :)
GOOD LUCK satin sa nutri-jingle bukas. :)

3 Idiots (part 4)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJQqWCFSuHg&feature=related

3 Idiots (part 4)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJQqWCFSuHg&feature=related

3 Idiots (part 3)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uBy3rtnlAE

3 Idiots (part 2)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uBy3rtnlAE

3 IDIOTS (part 1)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMntH5_tXZU

wahahaha. nakakatuwa naman yung kambal ko at si angeleen! hahaha. :))

YEHEY!! 2 days tayong walang pasok!! sa august 11 na daw yung "Cory ng EDSA" :D

Types of Computers

The types of computers range from the Hybrid to the Analog types. The computers you come across in the daily course of your day range from laptops, palmtops and towers, to desktop computers, to name a few. But the very word “computers” reminds one of the desktop computers used in offices or homes. Different categories of computes have been devised in keeping with our varied needs.

The Types Of Computers: Analog and Hybrid (classification based on operational principle)

• Analog Computers: The analog computer is almost an extinct type of computer these days. It is different from a digital computer in respect that it can perform numerous mathematical operations simultaneously. It is also unique in terms of operation as it utilizes continuous variables for the purpose of mathematical computation. It utilizes mechanical, hydraulic, or electrical energy or operation.
• Hybrid computers: These types of computers are, as the name suggests, a combination of both Analog and Digital computers. The Digital computers which work on the principle of binary digit system of “0” and “1” can give very precise results. But the problem is that they are too slow and incapable of large scale mathematical operation. In the hybrid types of computers the Digital counterparts convert the analog signals to perform Robotics and Process control.

The History of Computers

In The Beginning…

The history of computers starts out about 2000 years ago, at the birth of the abacus, a wooden rack holding two horizontal wires with beads strung on them. When these beads are moved around, according to programming rules memorized by the user, all regular arithmetic problems can be done. Another important invention around the same time was the Astrolabe, used for navigation. Blaise Pascal is usually credited for building the first digital computer in 1642. It added numbers entered with dials and was made to help his father, a tax collector. In 1671, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz invented a computer that was built in 1694. It could add, and, after changing some things around, multiply. Leibniz invented a special stepped gear mechanism for introducing the addend digits, and this is still being used. The prototypes made by Pascal and Leibniz were not used in many places, and considered weird until a little more than a century later, when Thomas of Colmar (A.K.A. Charles Xavier Thomas) created the first successful mechanical calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. A lot of improved desktop calculators by many inventors followed, so that by about 1890, the range of improvements included:

• Accumulation of partial results
• Storage and automatic reentry of past results (A memory function)
• Printing of the results

Each of these required manual installation. These improvements were mainly made for commercial users, and not for the needs of science.

---

Babbage

While Thomas of Colmar was developing the desktop calculator, a series of very interesting developments in computers was started in Cambridge, England, by Charles Babbage (left, of which the computer store “Babbages, now GameStop, is named), a mathematics professor. In 1812, Babbage realized that many long calculations, especially those needed to make mathematical tables, were really a series of predictable actions that were constantly repeated. From this he suspected that it should be possible to do these automatically. He began to design an automatic mechanical calculating machine, which he called a difference engine. By 1822, he had a working model to demonstrate with. With financial help from the British government, Babbage started fabrication of a difference engine in 1823. It was intended to be steam powered and fully automatic, including the printing of the resulting tables, and commanded by a fixed instruction program. The difference engine, although having limited adaptability and applicability, was really a great advance. Babbage continued to work on it for the next 10 years, but in 1833 he lost interest because he thought he had a better idea — the construction of what would now be called a general purpose, fully program-controlled, automatic mechanical digital computer. Babbage called this idea an Analytical Engine. The ideas of this design showed a lot of foresight, although this couldn’t be appreciated until a full century later. The plans for this engine required an identical decimal computer operating on numbers of 50 decimal digits (or words) and having a storage capacity (memory) of 1,000 such digits. The built-in operations were supposed to include everything that a modern general – purpose computer would need, even the all important Conditional Control Transfer Capability that would allow commands to be executed in any order, not just the order in which they were programmed. The analytical engine was soon to use punched cards (similar to those used in a Jacquard loom), which would be read into the machine from several different Reading Stations. The machine was supposed to operate automatically, by steam power, and require only one person there. Babbage‘s computers were never finished. Various reasons are used for his failure. Most used is the lack of precision machining techniques at the time. Another speculation is that Babbage was working on a solution of a problem that few people in 1840 really needed to solve. After Babbage, there was a temporary loss of interest in automatic digital computers. Between 1850 and 1900 great advances were made in mathematical physics, and it came to be known that most observable dynamic phenomena can be identified by differential equations(which meant that most events occurring in nature can be measured or described in one equation or another), so that easy means for their calculation would be helpful. Moreover, from a practical view, the availability of steam power caused manufacturing (boilers), transportation (steam engines and boats), and commerce to prosper and led to a period of a lot of engineering achievements. The designing of railroads, and the making of steamships, textile mills, and bridges required differential calculus to determine such things as:

• center of gravity
• center of buoyancy
• moment of inertia
• stress distributions

Even the assessment of the power output of a steam engine needed mathematical integration. A strong need thus developed for a machine that could rapidly perform many repetitive calculations.

Use of Punched Cards by Hollerith

A step towards automated computing was the development of punched cards, which were first successfully used with computers in 1890 by Herman Hollerith (left) and James Powers, who worked for the US. Census Bureau. They developed devices that could read the information that had been punched into the cards automatically, without human help. Because of this, reading errors were reduced dramatically, work flow increased, and, most importantly, stacks of punched cards could be used as easily accessible memory of almost unlimited size. Furthermore, different problems could be stored on different stacks of cards and accessed when needed. These advantages were seen by commercial companies and soon led to the development of improved punch-card using computers created by International Business Machines (IBM), Remington (yes, the same people that make shavers), Burroughs, and other corporations. These computers used electromechanical devices in which electrical power provided mechanical motion — like turning the wheels of an adding machine. Such systems included features to:

• feed in a specified number of cards automatically
• add, multiply, and sort
• feed out cards with punched results

As compared to today’s machines, these computers were slow, usually processing 50 – 220 cards per minute, each card holding about 80 decimal numbers (characters). At the time, however, punched cards were a huge step forward. They provided a means of I/O, and memory storage on a huge scale. For more than 50 years after their first use, punched card machines did most of the world’s first business computing, and a considerable amount of the computing work in science.

Electronic Digital Computers

The start of World War II produced a large need for computer capacity, especially for the military. New weapons were made for which trajectory tables and other essential data were needed. In 1942, John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchly (left), and their associates at the Moore school of Electrical Engineering of University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high – speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator) The size of ENIAC‘s numerical “word” was 10 decimal digits, and it could multiply two of these numbers at a rate of 300 per second, by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memory. ENIAC was therefore about 1,000 times faster then the previous generation of relay computers. ENIAC used 18,000 vacuum tubes, about 1,800 square feet of floor space, and consumed about 180,000 watts of electrical power. It had punched card I/O, 1 multiplier, 1 divider/square rooter, and 20 adders using decimal ring counters, which served as adders and also as quick-access (.0002 seconds) read-write register storage. The executable instructions making up a program were embodied in the separate “units” of ENIAC, which were plugged together to form a “route” for the flow of information. These connections had to be redone after each computation, together with presetting function tables and switches. This “wire your own” technique was inconvenient (for obvious reasons), and with only some latitude could ENIAC be considered programmable. It was, however, efficient in handling the particular programs for which it had been designed. ENIAC is commonly accepted as the first successful high – speed electronic digital computer (EDC) and was used from 1946 to 1955. A controversy developed in 1971, however, over the patentability of ENIAC‘s basic digital concepts, the claim being made that another physicist, John V. Atanasoff (left) had already used basically the same ideas in a simpler vacuum – tube device he had built in the 1930′s while at Iowa State College. In 1973 the courts found in favor of the company using the Atanasoff claim.

The Modern Stored Program EDC

Fascinated by the success of ENIAC, the mathematician John Von Neumann (left) undertook, in 1945, an abstract study of computation that showed that a computer should have a very simple, fixed physical structure, and yet be able to execute any kind of computation by means of a proper programmed control without the need for any change in the unit itself. Von Neumann contributed a new awareness of how practical, yet fast computers should be organized and built. These ideas, usually referred to as the stored – program technique, became essential for future generations of high – speed digital computers and were universally adopted.
The Stored – Program technique involves many features of computer design and function besides the one that it is named after. In combination, these features make very – high – speed operation attainable. A glimpse may be provided by considering what 1,000 operations per second means. If each instruction in a job program were used once in consecutive order, no human programmer could generate enough instruction to keep the computer busy. Arrangements must be made, therefore, for parts of the job program (called subroutines) to be used repeatedly in a manner that depends on the way the computation goes. Also, it would clearly be helpful if instructions could be changed if needed during a computation to make them behave differently.
Von Neumann met these two needs by making a special type of machine instruction, called a Conditional control transfer – which allowed the program sequence to be stopped and started again at any point – and by storing all instruction programs together with data in the same memory unit, so that, when needed, instructions could be arithmetically changed in the same way as data. As a result of these techniques, computing and programming became much faster, more flexible, and more efficient with work. Regularly used subroutines did not have to be reprogrammed for each new program, but could be kept in “libraries” and read into memory only when needed. Thus, much of a given program could be assembled from the subroutine library.
The all – purpose computer memory became the assembly place in which all parts of a long computation were kept, worked on piece by piece, and put together to form the final results. The computer control survived only as an “errand runner” for the overall process. As soon as the advantage of these techniques became clear, they became a standard practice.

The first generation of modern programmed electronic computers to take advantage of these improvements were built in 1947. This group included computers using Random – Access – Memory (RAM), which is a memory designed to give almost constant access to any particular piece of information. . These machines had punched – card or punched tape I/O devices and RAM’s of 1,000 – word capacity and access times of .5 Greek MU seconds (.5*10-6 seconds). Some of them could perform multiplications in 2 to 4 MU seconds.
Physically, they were much smaller than ENIAC. Some were about the size of a grand piano and used only 2,500 electron tubes, a lot less then required by the earlier ENIAC. The first – generation stored – program computers needed a lot of maintenance, reached probably about 70 to 80% reliability of operation (ROO) and were used for 8 to 12 years. They were usually programmed in ML, although by the mid 1950′s progress had been made in several aspects of advanced programming. This group of computers included EDVAC (above) and UNIVAC (right) the first commercially available computers.

Advances in the 1950′s

Early in the 50′s two important engineering discoveries changed the image of the electronic – computer field, from one of fast but unreliable hardware to an image of relatively high reliability and even more capability. These discoveries were the magnetic core memory and the Transistor – Circuit Element. These technical discoveries quickly found their way into new models of digital computers. RAM capacities increased from 8,000 to 64,000 words in commercially available machines by the 1960′s, with access times of 2 to 3 MS (Milliseconds). These machines were very expensive to purchase or even to rent and were particularly expensive to operate because of the cost of expanding programming. Such computers were mostly found in large computer centers operated by industry, government, and private laboratories – staffed with many programmers and support personnel.
This situation led to modes of operation enabling the sharing of the high potential available. One such mode is batch processing, in which problems are prepared and then held ready for computation on a relatively cheap storage medium. Magnetic drums, magnetic – disk packs, or magnetic tapes were usually used. When the computer finishes with a problem, it “dumps” the whole problem (program and results) on one of these peripheral storage units and starts on a new problem. Another mode for fast, powerful machines is called time-sharing. In time-sharing, the computer processes many jobs in such rapid succession that each job runs as if the other jobs did not exist, thus keeping each “customer” satisfied. Such operating modes need elaborate executable programs to attend to the administration of the various tasks.

Advances in the 1960′s

In the 1960′s, efforts to design and develop the fastest possible computer with the greatest capacity reached a turning point with the LARC machine, built for the Livermore Radiation Laboratories of the University of California by the Sperry – Rand Corporation, and the Stretch computer by IBM. The LARC had a base memory of 98,000 words and multiplied in 10 Greek MU seconds. Stretch was made with several degrees of memory having slower access for the ranks of greater capacity, the fastest access time being less then 1 Greek MU Second and the total capacity in the vicinity of 100,000,000 words. During this period, the major computer manufacturers began to offer a range of capabilities and prices, as well as accessories such as:

• Consoles
• Card Feeders
• Page Printers
• Cathode – ray – tube displays
• Graphing devices

These were widely used in businesses for such things as:

• Accounting
• Payroll
• Inventory control
• Ordering Supplies
• Billing

CPU’s for these uses did not have to be very fast arithmetically and were usually used to access large amounts of records on file, keeping these up to date. By far, the most number of computer systems were sold for the more simple uses, such as hospitals (keeping track of patient records, medications, and treatments given). They were also used in libraries, such as the National Medical Library retrieval system, and in the Chemical Abstracts System, where computer records on file now cover nearly all known chemical compounds.

~monday ulit na ulit bukas! bakit ang bilis? haha. :DD~

WOAH!! galing naman! tapos nyo na yung prelim!! bukas na lang ako gagawa!
GOOD EVENING! :D

REST DAY!!

IBA NA ANG ADVISER NATIN SA MONDAY!! OH MY!! :))

POWER POINT PRESENTATION

http://www.slideshare.net/ashutosh_bangalore/environmental-scanningcomplete-concept

POST! POST! POST! :)
Urgggh!! Wala pa rin akong napapasa sa Prelim. Haii. sinong tapos na sa power point presentation?

Intelligences

- Naturalist Intelligence or Nature Smart
      because I love pets and I care for them . I love plants and I recycle old materials in our house.
- Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence or Body
      because I am good at dancing and I am happy when dancing.

Howard Gardner

     Howard Earl Gardner was born on 1943 in Scranton, Pennsylvania. His parents were refugees who fled from Nürnberg in Germany in 1938 with their 3 year old son, Eric. Prior to Howard’s birth, Eric was killed in a sleighing accident. Gardner was a good student who greatly enjoyed playing the piano. In fact, he became an accomplished pianist as a child and considered becoming a professional pianist. As Howard discovered his family’s “secret history” (and Jewish identity), he began to realize that he was both different from his parents and peers. Howard went to a nearby preparatory school nearby in Kingston, Pennsylvania. From there Howard went to Harvard University to study history in readiness for a career in the law. However, he was lucky enough to have Erik Erikson as a tutor. Howard’s interest in psychology and social sciences grew. He entered Harvard’s doctoral program in 1996, and in the following year became part of the Project Zero research team on arts education. Project Zero provided an environment in which Howard Gardner could begin to explore his interest in human cognition. Gardner is married to Ellen Winner. He was divorced from the well-respected developmental psychologist, educator, and author Judith (Krieger) Gardner, who passed away in 1994. Gardner has four children.

3 Examples of Entrpreneurs (Assignment #5)

1) MAX RESTAURANT

Max's Restaurant's beginnings started in 1945, after World War II. Maximo Gimenez, a Stanford - educated teacher, befriended the American occupation troops stationed at Quezon City. Because of this friendship, the soldiers regularly visited Maximo's nearby home for a drink or two. Later on, the troops insisted that they pay for their drinks. This prompted Maximo to open a cafá where the troops could enjoy food and drinks.
 
The cafá initially served chicken, steak and drinks. Maximo's niece - Ruby, who managed the kitchen, created a special recipe for chicken that became an instant favorite for the GIs. Soon, the Filipino public heard about the delicious chicken - tender, juicy and crispy - and they came too! Max's Restaurant was born.

Over the years, Max's Restaurant's popularity grew and became known as "the house that fried chicken built". It has expanded in Metro Manila, Southern and Northern Luzon, Cebu and California, USA.

Looking towards the next millennium, Max's Restaurant has established itself as a household name, an institution, and a proud Filipino tradition. The second and third generations of the family continue to zealously uphold the standards and traditions set by Maximo and Ruby for all Max's Restaurants..

Today Max's Restaurant has opened a window of business opportunity for dynamic individuals interested and willing to invest in the long standing tradition of quality which only a Max's Restaurant can offer. It opened its doors to franchising for the first time in the second quarter of 1998. This is the opportunity to join the thriving food service industry in the Philippines.

 2) GERRY'S GRILL

Gerry Apolinario had a way of enjoying delicious food with friends and relatives. In this, he dreamed of a place of such pleasant ambience which he would share with them. After gathering his folks for organizing, Gerry's Grill was opened on Valentines Day in 1997. Since then, the restaurant business rapidly expanded.  

3) Barrio Fiesta Restaurant
Since 1952, Barrio Fiesta has provided the Filipino people with the authentic taste of true Filipino cuisine. It must have taken a lot of courage when Sixta Evangelista Ongpauco, founder of Barrio Fiesta, decided to turn her home on what was then Highway 54 (now Epifanio de los Santos Avenue or Edsa) in Caloocan City, Philippines, into the first Filipino fine dining restaurant, with a menu made up almost entirely of native delicacies.

                                                Sixta Evangelista Ongpauco  

DO YOU UNDERSTAND (page 19)

Do you think all the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur are equally important or are some more important than the others? Explain your answer.


For me, all the characteristics are equally important. Because if we don't have the characteristics of an entrepreneur we will not be successful in our work.

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND? (page 15)

1. Evaluate the different entrepreneurial characteristics under PEC's. How does applying similar characteristics helps us succeed in other areas of life? Explain your answer by giving examples.

2. Explain how having the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies can help you become a successful entrepreneur.

Answer :

1. The different entrepreneurial characteristics under PEC's :
     * Self Confidence
     * Vigilance for Opportunities
     * Commitment to work contract
     * Persistence
     * Willingness to Take Risks
     * Demand for Efficiency and Quality
     * Goal Setting
     * Information Seeking
     * Systematic Planning and Monitoring
     * Persuasion and Networking
2. PEC's can help us improve our skills in our talent .

just finished my assignment at ICT !!! yehey !! hahaha

PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES (PEC's)

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PEC's)
 it is the characteristics of Entrepreneurs to be succesful.


THE DIFFERENT PEC's
1. Vigilance of Opportunities
2. Commitment to work contract
3. Persistence
4. Willingness to Take Risks
5. Demand for efficiency and quality
6. Goal Setting
7. Information Seeking
8. Systematic Planning and Monitoring
9. Persuasion ang Networking
10. Self Confidence

INVENTIONS DUE TO NECCESITY - COMPUTERS

A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem.
Conventionally a computer consists of some form of memory for data storage, at least one element that carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control element that can change the order of operations based on the information that is stored. Peripheral devices allow information to be entered from external source, and allow the results of operations to be sent out.
A computer's processing unit executes series of instructions that make it read, manipulate and then store data. Conditional instructions change the sequence of instructions as a function of the current state of the machine or its environment.
Computer are invented to make our work easier.

INVENTOR : Charles Babbage

THE INVENTION :